If identified early and managed appropriately, many oral lesions can be effectively treated, thereby preventing their progression to full-blown cancer .Regular dental check-ups and self-examinations are essential for early detection, as they allow for the identification of precancerous conditions or lesions
| Photo Credit: Special Arrangement
Oral cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers in India, with over 1,35,000 new cases reported annually. This places India among the countries with the highest burden of oral cancer globally. According to GLOBOCAN 2020 and the National Cancer Registry Programme, India accounts for nearly one-third of the global incidence of the disease. The widespread use of smokeless tobacco, betel quid, and areca nut—especially in underserved communities—continues to be a major contributing factor.
Early detection and multidisciplinary diagnosis
Despite ongoing public health campaigns and tobacco control measures, the incidence of oral cancer in India continues to rise. However, improvements in medical technology and early detection strategies have led to significantly better outcomes for patients. When diagnosed at an early stage, oral cancer is highly treatable, with five-year survival rates exceeding 80% for Stage I and II cases.
Many patients present with precancerous conditions such as leukoplakia or oral submucous fibrosis, particularly those with a history of tobacco use. With regular monitoring and timely intervention, these conditions can often be managed effectively, reducing the risk of progression to cancer.
We should focus on early detection and evidence-based management. Advanced diagnostic tools like VELscope and Oncodiagnoscope should be used to screen suspicious red or white patches in the oral cavity. Lesions deemed high-risk undergo biopsy, and patients should be placed under regular surveillance to monitor for any signs of malignant transformation.
Early diagnosis of oral cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes, reduces the need for extensive surgery, and enhances long-term quality of life
| Photo Credit:
Special Arrangement
Advanced treatment, rehabilitation and quality of life
Today dentists offer comprehensive, multidisciplinary care for both oral cancer and precancerous lesions. Each case is thoroughly evaluated and discussed by a tumor board comprising specialists in surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, radiology and pathology apart from our team of Maxillofacial surgeons. Treatment plans are individualised, following internationally recognised protocols.
To enhance surgical precision and improve outcomes, three-dimensional (3D) printing is incorporated in preoperative planning and reconstruction. This technology allows us to create accurate anatomical models, simulate surgeries and fabricate patient-specific surgical guides and reconstruction plates. These advances have improved surgical accuracy, reduced operating time, and contributed to better postoperative function and aesthetics.
Our focus should extend beyond treatment. Postoperative care includes speech therapy, nutritional support, physical rehabilitation and psychological counselling to support recovery and quality of life. Ongoing follow-up ensures early detection of any recurrence or secondary conditions.
Through a combination of early diagnosis, tailored treatment and holistic rehabilitation, we aim not only to manage oral cancer effectively but also to support patients in regaining function and returning to daily life with improved health and confidence.
( Dr. J.Naveen Kumar is professor and head of department, oral and maxillofacial surgery, naveenkumarj@sriramachandra.edu.in ; Dr. Elengkumaran is senior consultant, elengkumarans@sriramachandra.edu.in ; Dr. Kalpa Pandya is associate consultant, m.pandyakalpa@sriramachandra.edu.in. All the authors are with Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital.)
Published – July 06, 2025 05:50 am IST
