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Energy is among the smallest sectors in the S&P 500, representing only about 3.5% of the benchmark’s sector allocations, and yet, it’s energy that’s capturing investor attention this year. A big part of the story centers on oil and natural gas, now in sharp focus due to an ongoing conflict in the Middle East.
Before news of a conflict surfaced, we had already been looking at energy infrastructure and supply expansion as a key theme within the ongoing artificial intelligence revolution. While technology names have led the AI investment theme, energy has emerged as an integral part of that story in recent years.
Now, in the midst of the U.S.-Iran conflict that immediately triggered oil and natural gas supply chain disruptions around the world, energy again finds itself centerstage.
As an ETF investor, there are many ways to access energy as a theme. Each has a unique set of risk/reward and each reacts differently to the ongoing conflict. Consider three approaches.
1. The Equity Route
Year-to-date, the energy sector has delivered a blockbuster performance. While the S&P 500 sits largely flat in 2026, energy as measured by the State Street Energy Select Sector SPDR (XLE) is up some 27% — the best performing sector in the index by a long shot.
Source: State Street Investment Management. Data as of March 3, 2026.
XLE, the sector proxy for many investors, has large energy companies like Exxon, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips leading a basket of 22 names. These companies benefit from higher oil prices and increased energy demand, and their respective performances show.
A broad sector play is one equity path to energy exposure, and a popular one. Investors can also take a narrower focus by investing in funds such as the VanEck Oil Refiners ETF (CRAK), the VanEck Oil Services ETF (OIH), or the Alerian Energy Infrastructure ETF (ENFR), among many others.
There are many energy-focused equity ETFs in the market today, slicing and dicing the opportunity at a sector and subsector level, as well as a thematic play, with funds focusing on alternative and clean energy looming large, as well as electricity-centered portfolios. Popular thematic energy ETFs include the Invesco Solar ETF (TAN), the Range Nuclear Renaissance Index ETF (NUKZ) and the ALPS Electrification Infrastructure ETF (ELFY).
While surging oil prices and geopolitical heat may be supportive to many traditional oil and gas ETFs, these funds would have a more moderate reaction to spikes in oil prices as the market prices in risk. They also carry equity risk, so in the event of a broad market selloff, many would come under pressure along with the equity market.
2. The Oil (Commodities) Route
Another way to tap into energy, while focusing on rising global demand and the possibility of global oil and natural gas supply chain disruption (due to the conflict), is by investing in the commodities markets themselves.
This path would be where the most immediate reaction of conflict news is felt. It also would likely be where the most volatile price performance is seen.
Consider that so far this year, oil prices have soared, with front month WTI crude oil up about 30%. The United States Oil Fund (USO), the veteran ETF in the futures category, tracks the price movements of WTI crude oil, and it’s up about that much in 2026.
Front month WTI crude oil is currently trading around $73 a barrel. Polymarket is showing a 90% chance that WTI crude will be above $75 by the end of March and a 71% chance it will be above $80, data as of March 3.
The potential upside in oil prices isn’t a certainty, but supply constraints would be supportive. In fact, the International Energy Agency, in its February report, highlighted that global oil inventories are abundant, so there’s plenty of oil to go around. What’s in question now is the ability to access it.
Commodity-focused ETFs are a direct vector to the energy story, and their often more volatile price performance is directly tied to the supply/demand dynamics of the underlying commodity, in this case oil.
3. The MLP Route
One other path to accessing energy is through ETFs investing in master limited partnerships. The largest of the funds in this category is the Alerian MLP ETF (AMLP).
AMLP invests in energy infrastructure MLPs, as in those operating pipelines and storage tanks. These MLPs largely provide services for a fee, resulting in less commodity price exposure and more stable cash flows. These stable cash flows have historically supported generous distributions (the MLP term for dividends). AMLP’s trailing 12-month distribution yield was 7.5% as of March 2.
These characteristics make AMLP, as an example of the MLP route, a more defensive, stable play on energy, and one that’s less dependent on moves in oil prices. Year-to-date through March 2, AMLP is up just over 14% on a total-return basis, benefitting from strong distribution announcements by holdings and the broader strength in energy, as well as appetite for diversification and income.
Choose You Route
Choosing between equities, commodities or MLPs — XLE, USO or AMLP as examples — isn’t about what’s better, but about what part of the energy supply chain you want to focus on, and what risk/reward profile makes sense in your long-term investment goals
The latest geopolitical heat putting oil and gas supplies in sharp focus offers an opportunity to consider how different ETF choices react differently to market drivers and, in this case, escalating global tension.
As you explore your allocation to energy, consider the many paths to participating in this sector and thematic opportunity, in the face of different performance drivers. Begin your research with a look at the many funds in this category. Check out our list of energy ETFs here and our list of oil and gas ETFs here.
For more news, information, and analysis visit the Thematic Investing Content Hub.
vettafi.com is owned by VettaFi LLC (“VettaFi”). VettaFi is the index provider for AMLP, ENFR, NUKZ, and ELFY, for which it receives an index licensing fee. However, AMLP, ENFR, NUKZ, and ELFY are not issued, sponsored, endorsed, or sold by VettaFi, and VettaFi has no obligation or liability in connection with the issuance, administration, marketing, or trading of AMLP, ENFR, NUKZ, and ELFY.
