Investors and the democratization of private equity

Private equity has historically been the playground of institutional investors, pensions, endowments and accredited investors — a group that includes high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, banks, financial firms and trusts. These investors are usually deemed financially sophisticated, capable of handling the risks and illiquidity inherent in long-term private market investments.

However, a recent push by the Securities and Exchange Commission to broaden the definition of an “accredited investor” has opened the door for retail investors to access PE.

This shift raises important questions: Are retail investors adequately prepared to take on the complexities and risks that come with investing in private equity? Do they understand that they may simply be targeted to fill capacity, often receiving fewer desirable opportunities compared to institutional players? 

The allure of private equity is considerable. A 2024 analysis from Bain & Company projects that private market assets will grow at more than twice the rate of public assets, reaching $60 trillion to $65 trillion globally by 2032. This explosive growth has understandably sparked a wave of interest among retail investors, many of whom are drawn to the promise of diversification and higher returns, especially after the volatility of traditional markets that occurred in 2022. 

However, the democratization of private equity comes with significant caveats.

Retail investors are often seen as a source of capacity for PE firms, providing capital that more sophisticated institutional investors may shun. These opportunities, frequently offered through vehicles like interval funds, are structured to mimic traditional mutual funds but with limited liquidity — often allowing withdrawals only quarterly, sometimes capping or suspending them entirely. While these structures may offer access to private markets, they often lack the exclusivity and prime opportunities reserved for institutional investors. 

Moreover, retail investors may find it challenging to navigate the full range of complexities that can accompany investment in private equity. Unlike public markets, private equity often operates in an opaque environment, with no requirement to disclose financials, operations or liabilities. This lack of transparency can leave retail investors in the dark about the true risks and performance of their investments.

Additionally, the illiquid nature of these non-correlated assets means investors may be prepared to wait years for an exit, with no guarantee of returns. What happens if a retail investor needs to liquidate their position during a market downturn? The options are limited, and the consequences can be severe.

The fear of missing out on alternative investments like private equity can be a powerful motivator, but it can also lead to poor decision-making. Retail investors may not fully appreciate the nuances of private equity, such as the higher fees, longer lock-up periods and limited liquidity. They may also underestimate the risks associated with investing in an industry that thrives on exclusivity and general sophistication.