Why regular kidney cancer screening after 40 is a must

Globally, over 4,00,000people are diagnosed with kidney cancer each year, and the numbers are steadily rising. Photograph used for representational purposes only
| Photo Credit: DEEPAK KR

Kidney cancer, often dubbed a “silent killer,” is one of the most underdiagnosed cancers globally. It is frequently discovered incidentally during imaging for unrelated conditions, especially if detected at an early stage. With World Kidney Cancer Day being observed on June 19, the 2025 campaign theme, ‘Show Your Kidneys Some Love,’ is a timely reminder to prioritise kidney health—particularly through early screening and timely intervention, especially for individuals aged 40 and above.

Also Read: No longer just a problem of the elderly, kidney disease is affecting young Indians too, say experts 

The growing burden of kidney cancer

Globally, over 4,00,000people are diagnosed with kidney cancer each year, and the numbers are steadily rising. In India, the incidence has nearly doubled over the past two decades. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and a family history of renal cancer. With these risk factors becoming increasingly prevalent, early detection through regular screening becomes not just important—but life-saving.

Most kidney cancers are diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 50 and 70, but cellular changes begin much earlier. By the age of 40, many individuals begin to experience the cumulative effects of risk factors such as lifestyle-related disorders. Unfortunately, kidney cancer often remains asymptomatic in its early stages. Symptoms such as blood in the urine, unexplained weight loss, persistent pain in the back or side, or fatigue typically appear only in the more advanced stages.

Screening after the age of 40—especially for high-risk individuals—can help detect tumours while they are still small, localised, and curable. Imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT scans, and urine cytology can be powerful tools when used proactively.

Changing the narrative through prevention

Preventive healthcare is still evolving in India, and cancer screening is often reactive rather than proactive. Awareness needs to be raised about the fact that just like mammograms or colonoscopies kidney cancer screening should become routine, especially for those with a family history or those with chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes.

Furthermore, India lacks a national screening programme for kidney cancer. Hospitals and healthcare providers must take the lead in encouraging annual kidney health evaluations, which can include a simple ultrasound and urine test.

The role of hospitals and specialists

The need for preventive uro-oncology must be emphasised by hospitals and specialists. There is firsthand experience to show that early diagnosis not only saves lives but also preserves kidney function, improves quality of life, and reduces the burden of treatment.

Newer, minimally invasive surgical options and targeted therapies have dramatically improved outcomes, but their success hinges on early-stage detection. Our message to all adults above 40—particularly those with risk factors—is clear: Do not wait for symptoms. Screen early. Screen regularly.

As we mark World Kidney Cancer Day let us commit to moving from awareness to action. Screening for kidney cancer after 40 isn’t just advisable—it is essential. Do not wait for symptoms. Love your kidneys enough to get them checked.

(Dr. Arun Kumar Balakrishnan is managing director, chief urologist robotic surgeon and uro-oncologist, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology Chennai. drarunkumar@ainuindia.com)