In a 2001 Fortune magazine interview, former Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE: BRKA)(NYSE: BRKB) CEO Warren Buffett talked about the Buffett indicator. This is the ratio he created years ago that measures total U.S. market capitalization to gross domestic product (GDP).
He noted in that interview that “it is probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment.” Like any market signal, it’s not foolproof, but it does give us a glimpse into the Buffett investing style and what he looks for in stocks.
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In this interview, Buffett explained how to interpret this ratio: “For me, the message of that chart is this: If the percentage relationship falls to the 70% or 80% area, buying stocks is likely to work very well for you. If the ratio approaches 200% — as it did in 1999 and a part of 2000 — you are playing with fire.”
That last part is important, because the Buffett indicator has been doing more than just approaching the 200% area. It’s been above that level for the majority of the 2020s. As of May 2026, this ratio sits at 229.7%.
What the Buffett indicator means
The one advantage of the Buffett indicator is that Warren Buffett himself essentially tells us his definition of value. If it’s at 70% to 80%, it’s probably a good buying opportunity. Around 100%, it’s probably fine, but not an especially attractive entry point.
It’s at the 200% level where the danger lies. Based on this, it’s not surprising that Berkshire Hathaway was sitting on such a large cash pile toward the end of Buffett’s tenure. He famously said that the recent 9% pullback in the S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC) was “nothing.” Looking at where the Buffett indicator sits right now, it seems safe to say that he wasn’t even close to considering buying.
The history of extreme Buffett indicator levels
The ratio hit an all-time high, not surprisingly, during the tech bubble, when it reached 162.6%. The subsequent bear market drew down the S&P 500 by 50%, and a new high in the Buffett indicator wasn’t hit again until 2020. It’s been above 150% ever since.
Buffett Indicator Peak | Approximate Level | S&P 500 Drawdown |
|---|---|---|
Tech bubble | 162.6% | 49% |
Post-COVID peak | 218.7% | 34% |
All-time high (2026) | 232.7% | ? |
Current | 229.7% | ? |
Data sources: Advisor Perspectives, YCharts.
